The Business of Being Born

The Business of being born The Business of being born is an informative film that highlights us how hospitals turned into businesses and who actually benefits from the medicalization and the money that is made. We could see women giving birth naturally at home and others in hospitals and what has happened to women throughout the years in regards to childbirth. Also, doctors and midwives are interviewed which gives us a perspective from both sides.Before watching this film, I did not know about the â€Å"designer birth† which consists in scheduling deliveries and C-sections. This showed me how women prefer the medical aspect of birth that involves physicians. As one of the mothers said midwifery is â€Å"done†; it has become part of the past. In the US, midwives attend less than 8% of births because of technological and medical advances.Formerly, women including midwives used to give birth more than men before male doctors took over hospitals, turned them into â€Å"pat riarchal† institutions and made business out of it. However, we have to recognize that they should be remunerated for their services. Some mothers perceive surgery as an efficient and less time consuming medical technique. It has become uncommon and rare to see †fully† natural birth in hospitals. Doctors make decisions for monetary and legal reasons. These decisions can even affect the health of the mother or the baby.The use of Protozoan (medication that causes contraction) or Pitocin (helps inducing labor) and the practice of the Cesarean, which is a doctor-friendly technique, only reinforce the authority of doctors and the influence of their techniques on women bodies. Moreover, I found revolting that the United States has the second worst newborn death rate in the developed world. The medicalization of childbirth is challenging women’s confidence and self esteem. As one of the informant said â€Å"convince them that they do not know how to birth and the â€Å"power of birthing is taken away from women†.

How Do Gangs Affect Adolescent Behavior?

Since the early 1920s, researchers have closely studied the relations between the street gangs and violent crime froma variety of perspectives: criminological, sociological and psychological (Thomas, 2008). Whatever the underlying causes for gang membership, the resuls seems clear; members of street gangs admit to a far greater rate of serious crime, and to far more severe acts of of the same age, race, and socioeconomic background (Penly Hall, Thornberry & Lizotte, 2006) than non-gang members of the same age, race, and socioeconomic background (Battin-Pearson, Thornberry, Hawkins & Krohn, 1998).According to the Web site safetyouth. org (n. d. ) gang violence is certainly a cause for concern: Gang members are responsible for much of the serious violence in the United States . . . Teens that are gang members are much more likely than other teens to commit serious and violence crimes. For example, a survey in Denver found that while only 14% of teens were gang members, they were respon sible for committing 89% of the serious violent crimes. (n. p. ) Many researchers have come to the conclusion that gangs necessarily cause violence and deviant behavior.As a matter of policy then, it seems clear that the solution of a number of social ills is to break up, disrupt, or prevent the formations of gangs (Battin-Pearson, et al. , 1998). Yet, is this the solution? As George Thomas (2008) states, â€Å"The problem is complex, so the solutions cannot be complex† (p. 88). So what is the solution? According to the U. S. Department of Education (n. d. ), all factors of age, race, and socioeconomic background must be taken into consideration . . .

Aristotle Virtue Ethics Essay Example for Free

Aristotle Virtue Ethics Essay One basic notion in Aristotelian ethics that occupies a central significance is Aristotle’s belief in the role of man’s activities in order for one to acquire ethical knowledge. That is, for one to become virtuous or to obtain virtues one should not merely confine himself to mere studying of these virtues but rather one should, more importantly, actualize this knowledge of the virtues. Thus, for one to become good, one should do good. Aristotle further stretches his ideas by proposing the doctrine of the mean. The essence of this doctrine dwells on the basic precept that one ought to avoid the extremes and, instead, settle for the â€Å"mean†. The actions of men, more specifically, ought to be framed upon the â€Å"mean† which is the virtue. For example, the virtue of courage rests on the mean between two extremes: cowardice or the â€Å"lack† of courage, and rashness or the â€Å"excess† in courage. It can easily be observed that Aristotle suggests that one should live a life that does not border on the things that are on the â€Å"most† and the â€Å"least† levels. For example, if I were to follow Aristotle’s ethics I should always see to it that I should consistently draw myself towards the middle value and avoid slanting towards cowardice and excess. All this could have been very well except for one small thing that I cannot seem to fully comprehend. How is it possible for one to ascertain that one is actually taking the middle path? Or how is it possible for one to know that this or that is the middle value or is the virtuous action? Perhaps the key in having an understanding to the notion of the â€Å"mean† is that one should act. That is, as I continually have these ideas as to what I must do when faced with an ethical situation or, at the least, an ordinary situation, I should nonetheless take the course of action so that I will be able to obtain a qualitative understanding that what I am doing is the â€Å"excess†. On the other hand, I will be having quite a rough time in acquiring the understanding as to whether the action that I am doing is virtuous if all that I do is to theorize and never let my theory be put into practice. Aristotle’s virtue ethics reminds me of Plato’s conception of ethics. For the most part of the Republic, Plato attempts to arrive at a conception of a just life by centering on the notion that the just life or that which is good is better than living a life molded on an evil framework and one which prompts individuals to act in an evil manner. At the onset of the Republic’s Book II, a conception of the idea of â€Å"justice† is advanced as the working of an individual in accordance to the role in which one is best suited as well as the belief for non-interference in the activities of others. In essence, this principle is closely related to Plato’s perspective on acting in accordance to one’s nature or intrinsic being which results to the state or condition of being â€Å"just† or acting justly once the individual acts in line to his very nature. Otherwise, if one begins to act beyond what his nature prescribes, then the individual begins to act in an unjust manner thereby resulting to â€Å"evil† actions (Plato and Kamtekar). While Aristotle insists that one should put into action the thought that one may have so as to have an understanding of the middle value that should be taken, Plato, on the other hand, suggests that one should simply go by with one’s nature so as not to be â€Å"evil†. If I were to choose which ethical precept would be better or would fit me best, I would rather be inclined to adopt Aristotle’s virtue ethics over the other because it offers me a chance to actualize myself through my actions and be guided accordingly. Whereas for Plato, what I am seeing is that I should get to know my self first before I act so that I can be good. But this cannot be met easily essentially because I find it quite difficult to know myself if I would not act first. In the light, if all the students in a certain class would build up a virtue like that of Aristotle’s point of view, the achievement of an environment which is formidably that built on the concept of philosophical and tremendously beneficial notions in life, the attainment of the virtue of goodness is towering in the highest hopes—although it eventually does not also undermine the concept of realism. Apparently, many may not stick on this kind of perception and ought to think that it is certainly not possible to achieve a life which is way beyond the bounds of a â€Å"not-so-good† life for that instance, but with the maximum height of human rationality, such may be given enough credit for the philosophers who believed in a life where â€Å"goodness comes in deeds† (Lannstrom). Lannstrom, Anna. Loving the Fine: Virtue and Happiness in Aristotle’s Ethics. Indiana USA: University of Notre Dame Press, 2006. Plato, and R. Kamtekar. â€Å"The Conventional View of Justice Developed. † Trans. D. Lee. The Republic. 2 ed: Penguin Classics, 2003. 8-14. Aristotle Virtue Ethics. (2017, Apr 20). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 1

Writer's choice - Essay Example According to the United Nations, terrorism is a criminal activity that is calculated or intended to produce a state of fear in the civilian population. After 2001, September 11 attacks, the U.S. government termed all kinds of non-state force ‘terrorism. Terrorism results from religious extremists, states, insurgents, and criminals. Due to the challenges faced by the government to fight terrorism, new technologies have emerged to assist in the fight against terror. Some of these technologies include the monitoring of private communications of individuals around the world and mass surveillance of U.S. citizens. The DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) reported that it has created an information technology that could allow access to personal identifiable information to be in the war on terror. As a result, this has attracted a lot of questions from the general public as well as political bodies on its effectiveness, legality, and ethical boundaries. The concern revolves around the likelihood of the government utilizing personal information on permanent denizen aliens and U.S. citizens that has been gathered by private or public organizations without their consent. According to NSA, there are two programs that focus on the foreign and domestic surveillance. The local program, ‘metadata program functions by section 215 of the USA Patriotic Act and consist of gathering of all record data inclusive of times of calls and phone numbers. The foreign program ‘PRISM program works according to section 702 of (FISA) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. FISA Act permits a government to perform surveillance that targets the content of communication by non-U.S. citizens that are abroad. This inspection obtains foreign intelligence data. President Obama in 2014 acknowledges the ‘legitimate privacy interests of the non-U.S and U.S. individuals as conformity to fundamental principles. He defines the activity of foreign intelligence

Project Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Project Risk Management - Essay Example ting because there are number of inputs into the sample model that are unknown and one technique is to obtain the approximate estimate for each input. The Monte Carlo models and methods use the probability distribution of the inputs and generated random inputs. On the contrary, if the approach used is the probability distribution rather than using the best single estimate or the inputs, it is not that easy and often simply impossible (Pietersz, 2011, n.p.) Risk Assessment Process is defined as the process in which businesses, companies and organizations focus on vital and serious areas of concern and prioritize resources in order to maximize the response and recovery efforts (Michigan State University, 2004, n.p.). In addition, risk management plan will not be more effective and complete if risk response strategies are not suitable in developing the mitigating risks (Ahmed, Azhar & Panthi, 2007, n.p.). The risk response matrix grid is populated by a (+) and a (-) signs because it is very useful in making and finalizing a certain decisions. The Grid Analysis (+) sign describes the number of good or positive alternatives to select from and other factors to consider while the (-) sign is not clear and preferred another option to choose from (Manktelow, 2011, n.p.). Thus, I would prefer to use the Monte Carlo Method as it helps a lot in solving mathematical problems in a fast and easy manner. The (+) and (-) signs that are used in Risk Response Matrix contributes in making decisions confidently, clusters the good ideas from bad ones and lesser the time required when people are struggling to make decision. Ahmed, S.M., Azhar, S. & Panthi K. (2007). Risk Matrix as a Guide to Develop Risk Response Strategies, n.p. Retrieved on December 9, 2011 from http://ascpro0.ascweb.org/archives/cd/2007/paper/CPRT145002007.pdf. Michigan State University: School of Criminal Justice. (2004, February 25). Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM) Process (n.p.). Retrieved on December 9, 2011 from

Facebook Growth, Challenges And Milestones Essay

Facebook Growth, Challenges And Milestones - Essay Example More users are signed each day. Despite of the great achievement, the company is facing stiff challenges such as competition by the micro blogging service â€Å"Twitter†, managing the needs and expectations of young, tech savvy adopters who need more open social interactions, maintaining the old users who require limited and selective social realms and the radical changes on the user’s home pages. The face book quest to become the leading social interaction website and an essential business and personal networking tool for all who are connected is being hampered by massive challenges such as competition from rival firms, privacy issues, lawsuits as well as need to provide better interaction services while still maintaining its credibility. This paper discuses the contradicting opinions aired by the users and members against those of the face book management and executive arm. The main emphasis of the paper are the recent radical changes in face book home page that has d rawn contradicting views from its 200 million users. After a detailed review of the article the reader generates conclusive decisions that can be adopted by the company. Rhetorical analysis The main purpose of the article is to expose the many challenges faced by Facebook in spite of there success. The author stipulates that, even though Facebook registrations have grown massively, there is no time for celebration due to the challenges faced by the firm and the milestone achievement expected by the executive arm of the corporation. The author illustrates how the recent changes in Face book home pages have seriously devastated customers especially those who prefer limiting their friends and privacy. By collecting materials and information from the company's executives and the general public as well as reviewing published work concerning the new WebPages, the author seeks to enlighten the general public about the shortfalls of Face book as well as exposing the management inconsiderate view to customer's complaints. To analyze the current quagmire facing the company, the author relies on speeches made by the management, photos, messages from Facebook company to show its importance as a socializing ecosystem site as well as critic its current unconcern and inconsiderate nature towards it customers who aren't comfortable with new interaction methods. The author also evaluates speeches, articles and messages written and posted by the members with a view of gaining imperative information about the problem. The author also provides statistical evidence to prove that the company expansion theorem without considering the needs and complains of the people is un-justified and un-achievable. According to the writer's perspectives, there are two main views expressed by the author. The executive's views, who feel that they have the dream of the company at hand and will do anything to propel the company forward and the Facebook users who feel that they have a right to democracy and they can propose what they like. On the management side, their main aim is to promote more socialism on the Webpage's and enhance interactions. According to the executives, strategizing to get more customers, attracting the young tech-savvy members, enhancing interaction and socialization, enforcing rules and regulation, allowing web pages to update immediately without refreshing the page, getting more clients, promoting advertisement on their site to earn more profits are their main aim. As Zuckerberg states, it is possible for a prime minister to get in touch with school teachers. This is right in some way as the company has to look

The presence of the current financial crises has made investors more Essay

The presence of the current financial crises has made investors more determined in handling excess remunerations - Essay Example Introduction A vote against remuneration is significant if it receives less than 75 percent of the shareholders support. Thus, votes have been on the use recently in protesting against pay increases that are insufficiently linked to performance. For instance, Section D of the U.K corporate governance code sets out remuneration guidelines for both the executive and non-executive directors. According Tricker (2012) section D.1, â€Å"the remuneration should be sufficient enough to motivate and attract directors, but a company should avoid paying more than is necessary for this purpose. A significant proportion of the executive director’s remuneration should be structured so as to link rewards to corporate and individual performance.† Section D.1.4 of the U.K corporate governance states that it is the responsibility of the remuneration committee to consider compensation commitments of their directors in the event of early termination. MM & K report is recent and its releas e fueled investor’s activism in fighting against pay rise. The report revealed that the medium total pay rise for FTSE 100 CEOs is 10 percent and one quarter of the CEOs in this index had 41 percent increment on their pay. Research indicates that the size of pay that a FTSE director has increased unexpectedly. For instance, between years 1990 and 2000, the remuneration of a FTSE chief executive went up by 13.6 percent annually from ?1 million to ?4.2 million. In year 2011, FTSE remuneration rose by 11 percent. The current average pay rise in the market is 1.7 percent. In 2012, there have been 24 similar incidents in total all over Europe compared to 2011 which had 25 cases. The legislation has been carefully following these protests, and the pending U.K legislation shows that by year 2012, pay plans will have to pass the majority vote or shareholders will have the authority to reject management’s remuneration proposal. New disclosure rules are also in the process of co ntemplated purposely to help the shareholders in making a decision. For example, in France the new socialist government is contemplating to impose pay limits on executives in companies which own a majority stake. The pay will be 20 times that of the lowest paid employee in the company thus leading to substantial pay cuts. Also, the contemplated Legislations will exert pressure on companies where the government owns share but not a controlling share. CEO’s of companies such as AstraZeneca, Aviva, trinity Mirror is some of directors who had been forced to resign over pay and performance related problems even before news broke. WPP Group During the 2012 annual general meeting, approximately 59 percent of the WPP investors voted against the company’s remuneration report and the CEOs pay package of ?6.8 million. In the previous year, over 40 percent of the shareholders had a ‘no’ vote on pay and this prompted the remuneration committee to reach out the sharehol der before the 2012 AGM. After the shareholders vote the chairman of the group said, â€Å"

Criminal Law & The Canadian Criminal Code Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal Law & The Canadian Criminal Code - Essay Example Being found in a bawdy house is a summary offence and the offender faces a maximum term of six months in prison and/or a $2000 fine (sections 210 (2) and 211). Simply stated, prostitution crimes are mainly focused on those acts committed in public. This includes but is not limited by a prostitute stopping a car in traffic or approaching a prospective client in the street and offering sexual services. (section 213(1)). 2. Under the Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act in Canada, a person commits an offence under section 4, when he fails, to exercise control properly over a person under their effective command and control or fails to effectuate authority and control over their watch and as a result that person who is supposed to be under their watch commits an offence under section 6;(b), and further, the military commander knows, or is criminally negligent in failing to know, that the person is about to commit or is committing such an offence. Thus the two elements that must be present are first that there is an active war and second that the person during this time, a person under the control or dominion of the soldier is committing a crime. 3. "Conduct is negligen

EMPLOYMENT LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

EMPLOYMENT LAW - Essay Example For example, the legal status of a worker as an independent contractor or employee is fundamental in determining the rights of a worker, particularly in light of the increasingly employee centric protective legislative framework. The focus of this paper is to critically evaluate the approach of the judiciary to employee status and in particular to consider the advantages and disadvantages of each test. The conventional approach has been to implement checklist tests to distinguish between independent contractor and employee and it is submitted at the outset that the issue remains contentious particularly in light of the continuous changes in working practices. To this end, it is submitted as a central proposition in this paper that whilst the traditional test of employee status was logical in distinguishing between employee and self-employed; the changing nature of contemporary work arrangements have led to inconsistency in tribunal determinations distinguishing between employee and self employed status. In turn, the central disadvantage of the judicial approach to employee status is that whilst attempting to frame the test as definitive legal principles; the results have sometimes fuelled uncertainty (Pitt 2007). This is further supported by the earlier empirical study of Burchell et al on â€Å"Employee Status of Individuals in Non-standard Employment† (1999), which asserted that â€Å"there is concern that the existing classifications fail to reflect the growth of certain flexible or non-standard forms of employment, in particular causal work, zero hour contracts, fixed terms and task employment and freelancing† (Burchell et al, 1999, p.5). From a statutory perspective, the legal definition of employee is described under Section 230(1) of the Employment Rights Act 1996 (ERA) as â€Å"an individual who has entered into or works under†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..a contract of employment†. The section 230 definition has been criticised for being

Change management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Change management - Research Paper Example Planned change is a process where the company appoints an agent through strategic rationalization to assess the present issues and problems of the company (Blomme, 2012). It is worth mentioning in this regard that discrepancy analysis act as the base for planned changes within organizations which enables change agents to identify and sort the processes or aspects which should be inculcated or should be excluded from the business process (Goodman, Bazerman and Conlon, 1980). Emphasizing on this particular aspect, the report intends to present the basic need for successfully implementing a planned change in an organization. Therefore, the paper discusses the responsibilities and methods of the effective change agents. Subsequently, the report also intends to reveal some of the sensitivity issues raised by Bridges in relation to the implementation of planned changes within the organizational context. The ultimate aim of the discussion is thus concentrated on evaluating the possible stra tegies through which, the change agents could be effective in handling the issues raised by Bridges. Analysis of changes in organization In context of today’s market, there is continuous need for change in any organization. At times, changes are observed to occur voluntarily due to the influences created by external forces such as emergence of powerful competitors, change of government policies, consumer demand shifts and similar other variables. However, in certain circumstances, changes in the organizations are implemented through proper planning as per the needs or goals of the organization. For instance, in the modern day context, it has often been observed that companies initiate major changes in relation to its communication processes, the formation of employee-participation teams or establishing new product among others for the improvement of the business in today’s continuously increasing competitive environment. With the competition becoming more intense by th e every passing day companies are forced to make changes or initiate innovative ideas in their business processes to attain and preserve a leadership position in the industry (Daft, 2008). As per the current day context, the changes could be in regard to product or technologies or in relation to any other organizational concern. Changes in relation to products can be identified in terms of its quality and services over a certain period of time. In the similar context, technological changes refer to the specific alterations happening in the production or the distribution or communication processes of an organization. It is in this context that irrespective of the type of change, it is the foremost responsibility of the people to put collaborative efforts towards ensuring the desired outcomes. It is fundamentally owing to this particular reason that in order to implement planned changes in different dimensions of the organization, segregated teams of specialists are selected. These se gregated teams are further observed to operate following different set of policies and principles to that identified among other usual groups of organizational teams with the sole aim to provide new ideas of change to the business (Daft, 2008). When implementing changes in a planned way, organizations generally tend to follow a three step approach. The initial stage of planned change is often referred as ‘unfreezing’ where the change agents attempt to convey the existing

Dreamliner 787 Case Essay Example for Free

Dreamliner 787 Case Essay Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few aircraft manufactures who sell large quantities to its buyers. With Boeings biggest competitor Airbus unable to compete with the Dreamliner product, Boeing has the chance to take over the market for commercial aircraft. The demand for the Dreamliner is derived demand. Due to customer demand for comfortable fair priced airline travel, the demand for the Dreamliner will increase. Customers demand comfort during air travel and the Boeing Airliner promises added luxuries that will increase customer purchases to those airlines with a Dreamliner aircraft. The chief project manager for the Boeing, Tim Cogan stated, Its not Just an evolutionary step it borders on revolutionary. This statement is supported by many industry insiders. Kotler Armstrong, 2010, p188) With such support, the emotions of the airline companies umped at the chance to place an order even with the understanding that the estimated time for delivery was at least 4 years and there was little research to support some of the added luxury amenities. What examples of the major types of buying situations do you see in the case? Discuss the implications of each in terms of marketing strategy? A new-task purchase is seen with the Dreamliner due to the fact that it is a new product being sold by Boeing. The buying team is comprised of numerous members and the team must decide on specifications regarding the product. The marketer (Boeing) tries to reach as many key buying influences as possible but also provides help and information. (Kotler Armstrong, 2010, pl 73) The amenities of the Dreamliner will assist the buying team in making a decision whether or not the Dreamliner would be a good investment for the company and if so, how many to order. A straight rebuy is also seen in this case. Boeing listed the airliner at a price of $162 million with few customizable options for its buyers. (i. e. seating arrangements). Many aircraft buyers may have already been customers f Boeing and are familiar with their business. A straight rebuy is defined by Kotler and Armstrong as the buyer reorders something without any modifications. Once the buyer purchases the aircraft the straight rebuy buying situation will result in a quicker sale with fewer individuals making a decision on options and product specifications. List the specific features of the Dreamliner. What customer benefits result from each? PASSENGER BENEFITS: 60% quieter than other planes in its class It is always nice to sleep on a plane however, when seated near the engine it is difficult to rest due to the noise. Many corporate travelers will enjoy this benefit with the late and early morning travel legs. With the added legroom there will no longer be a need to specifically sit in the isle and more options that will equal the comfort of isle seats will come available. Lighting that automatically adjusts to time zone shifts Changing time zones can be difficult for anyone Circadian rhythms, which are the internal clock we all have which tells us when we it is time for bed and when it is time to rise. These clocks are not easily adjusted when changing time zones. The Dreamliner will posse lighting that imulates sunrise and twilight which will assist its passengers adjust to the change in time zones. (Micke, 2010) Higher cabin pressure and humidity reducing common flying symptoms such as headaches, dry mouth, and fatigue. All of these symptoms are not what most passengers look forward to; knowing the Dreamliner decreases these symptoms will make it a preferred aircraft for many passengers. Large overhead storage bins It is always daunting not knowing if your carry on will fit into the overhead storage bins. We have all witnessed a passenger beating their luggage esperately hoping it will pop in before the flight attendant comes by to take it to be stored in the cargo area. 19 inch self-dimming windows This is a wonderful feature for those who prefer a window seat but have to fght the sunlight to enjoy their flight. Wireless internet and entertainment system many travelers use the internet to stay connected while away. This option will give business travelers the ability to complete business while on the road. Time sensitive information can be conducted in-flight and travel will no longer be a burden for business travelers. The non-business travel can stay connected with family and friends to inform of flight status and arrival time. Also, wireless access will assist the passenger with passing the time during air travel. AIRCRAFT BUYER BENEFITS: For the buyer of a Dreamliner Aircraft, the marketing aspect will be a breeze. Passengers are always looking for comfort when flying and this aircraft offers many luxury amenities. Airlines with a Dreamliner in their roster will have the ability to sell luxury air travel to its passengers without the luxury cost. The Dreamliner will offer a ighter aircraft resulting in less fuel needed for flights. This aircraft could replace outdated aircrafts that are no longer economically fit. The 787 will expand non-stop markets for its customers with a fuel range of 8,500 nautical miles and a maximum speed of Mach . 5. (Kotler Armstrong, 2010, p187) Also, the Dreamliner offers passenger capacity of 210 to 330 depending on seating arrangement ordered by the customer. With multiple configurations, the buyer of the aircraft has the option to decide what seating confguration would best meet their airline needs. For example, Southwest Airline only offers economy class, so they would order a Jetliner with one type of seating confguration. There is no need for Southwest to ord er a Jetliner with first or business class on a Dreamliner. Other airlines may find it necessary to order multiple aircrafts with different seating arrangement to best meet its marketing and customer needs. Discuss the customer buying process for a Boeing airplane. In what major ways does this process differ from the buying process a passenger might go through in choosing an airline? The buying process for an airline placing an order or a Dreamliner would first have to recognize a need for a new aircraft offering the retire due to age may look at the Dreamliner as good solution to add new innovative products to their fleet. Next the buyer would have to recognize the general specifications and quantity needed of an item. Here a buyer of the aircraft would consult engineers and technical personnel to discuss the options available on the Dreamliner Aircraft. For example, the technical staff should be consulted regarding the wireless entertainment system on a Dreamliner. The control tower may need odifications to ensure interference will not be an issue with this type of system. Product specifications needed to meet the airlines customer and marketing needs would have to be listed. In this process, the team decides on the best product characteristics and specifies them accordingly. (Kotler Armstrong, 2010, p177) As for the Dreamliner, the airline would specify the seat options available. For example, Southwest Airlines only offers economy seating for their passengers. If Southwest chooses to purchase a Dreamliner, they would specify one seating option or their aircraft. Once the order is placed for a Dreamliner, the buyer should conduct a performance review to ensure the product will be delivered on time and to ensure they are aware of any problems that may arise. At this stage of the buying process the buyer assesses the performance of the supplier and decides to continue, modify, or drop the arrangement. (Kotler Armstrong, 2010, p179) Most passengers choosing an airline are looking for the least expensive direct flight to their destination. The buying process for an airline ticket for a few hundred dollars is ess complex than that of purchasing an aircraft for over one hundred million dollars. Many travelers have a preferred airline and do not shop around for deals. They use the preferred airline and earn air miles towards free flights. As for me, I do not have a preferred airline, however I do enjoy Southwest because of first come first serve seating. Yet, most travelers will look at price first, direct flight possibilities, and airport location before booking a flight. There is little thought that goes into aircraft options when a ticket is purchased. What marketing recommendations would you make to McNerney as he continues to try to resolve the problems with the 787 Dreamliner program? McNerney needs to stay fully involved in the operations of the Dreamliner to ensure all suppliers and manufactures are completing production on time. Performance reviews of the suppliers must be taken seriously and the decision to drop or modify the arrangement must be made in a timely fashion. With 70 percent of the work being outsourced to dozens of partnering firms, he cannot be blinded by incomplete or inaccurate production. The longer it takes to assess the supplier performance the longer the delay in production and delivery will be for the Dreamliner.

Social Media Essay Example for Free

Social Media Essay What is social media? To many, social media is a tool to communicate with friends, or even friends of friends in a neutral environment talking about any topic, events or news freely (Lipscomb 2010). Social media today, not only serve as a tool for individual to communicate, it also became a platform for companies or individuals to capitalize on it to drive monetary income from it. Social media are platforms that can enable free communication and sharing of information online (Elmore March 2010). Few of the social media platforms are, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Youtube, Blogs or even web forums that can be used to share information, opinions online. Social media today are very powerful tool to an individual, company, and even a country. Facebook, being the number one top traffic social media site, is tracking around one trillion page views per month globally (Double Click Ad Planner by Google 2011), and tracking 615 million page views per month in Singapore (comScore, Inc 2013). With a total of 2. million unique visitors, it is reaching out to 65% of Singapore’s internet population and hence, if done correctly, social media platforms can be an empowering tool to enhance a small business network’s knowledge sharing, build social capital, support innovation and aid in problem solving and drive more earnings and income. Social media platforms like LinkedIn, are moving towards more than a social media platform. Employers are using more social media tools like Link edIn to look for potential jobseekers. LinkedIn is a more corporate social media platform, showing not only profiles and hobbies, but also previous job experience and endorsements from peers and colleagues. Job portals like JobStreet are facing more and more competition from social media as job portals normally only shows the jobseeker’s resume and pass employments. LinkedIn shows the employer the social side of the jobseeker, personal skills they have, and positive endorsements from people. Improving Knowledge Sharing Knowledge is more than just information, it is compile of both know-how (tacit knowledge) and know-why (explicit knowledge). In today knowledge-based economy, knowledge has been defined to be one of the key assets for organizations to sustain and success (Jashapara 2011). In our society today, more people are sharing knowledge and information on social media platform more than talking face to face. News reports, articles, along with personal opinions can be easily shared through social media platforms. Knowledge sharing becomes easier and faster with the help of social media. It is essential to understand how knowledge is gained and the methods of how an individual learn. Social learning theory proposes that individual learning happens when individuals are interacting with cognitive, behavioral and environmental factors; primarily with other individuals (Jashapara 2011). Due to the engaging interaction and heavy usage of social media, it can be a great avenue to encourage knowledge creation and sharing. As a study done by Neilson Inc, it encourages employees to share knowledge using social media platforms to better cultivate knowledge sharing (Dina Adamovic 2012). Social media not only aid in knowledge sharing in within the organization, It can be also used to educate its business partners (Evolution1 Utilizes Social Media to Share Knowledge 2012). By using social media, Evolution1 can greatly reduce the actually human labour that is needed in support and educational roles. This has let Evolution1 to remain competitive in our fast pace economy today. Building Social Capital The concept of social capital and human capital is both closely related, they arrive from the valuable assets of an organization, which are the resources that employees acquire (Jashapara 2011). There are intrinsically three dimension to social capital: Structural dimension showing the linkages and connections between factors such as density and hierarchy of networks; Relational dimension that provides the history of interactions between individuals resulting in certain level of trust, norms and expectations; Cognitive dimension that leads to shared meanings, interpretations, mental models and alignment of views. With the help of social media, social capital of the organization can be build up in a faster and easier way. Having to develop better relationships with clients, partners, and also within their employees. It is mentioned that knowledge has been an important factor for an organization’s sustainability and success, therefore essential to develop a knowledge-sharing culture especially with small medium companies. Social media which has been a platform to communicate in our daily life is a fast and easy way to communicate as ideas can be shared and strategic plans can be discussed with a faster response time and even on the go. The online marketing campaign from Ngee Ann Polytechnic has demonstrated how social media applications can be used as communication mediums for idea sharing. The online marketing campaign Ngee Ann Polytechnic uses, â€Å"Tweet about your favorite Ngee Ann Poly Courses†, is using an online advertisement to feature this display banner. On the banner, viewers can tweet real time and the tweets will show up on the banner stating your choice of course. The campaign was a success, driving more than twenty-three million viewers to the ad banner, it also drives more than fifteen thousand viewers to engage and tweet on their twitter page (SG 2012). With the support from the case of Ngee Ann Polytechnic utilizing social media as an idea sharing medium, it has encouraged intensive consumer engagement which in turns achieved premium brand awareness where it can be a competitive advantage over it competitors. In addition, it has achieved in transiting into a successful knowledge-based organization with integrating social media as a communication tool. Innovation For an organization, innovation is very essential, the creation and fostering of new and better ideas keeps an organization to stay ahead of its competitors. Having knowledge workers to constantly having innovative knowledge is an important aspect of an organization’s knowledge management strategy (Jashapara 2011). In today’s fast paced, ever-changing environment, organization is facing the need to constantly innovate new and better ideas. Using social media as a tool, organization can collate and compile innovative ideas from its employees, partners, and even direct consumers. In this manner, organization can better understand what its product is lacking of and what improvements can it make. Aid Problem Solving Social media is being built in a way that it is meant for fast and speedy response. Using social media as a platform, organization will be able to provide real-time response and will have significant impact on problem solving as knowledge can be transmitted faster. Furthermore, an open social network will improves communication level within the organization internally and also externally with its vendors and consumers (Murray 2012). In 2010, Grocer Supervalu realize that it has grown to a big company perating in 44 states with 135,000 employees and 10 distinct store brands from Albertsons to Jewel-Osco to Shaws, it had good people with plenty of ideas but no way to share them. Hence, a sprawling, disconnected workforce was hurting business. But Grocer has soon to adopt an internal social media tools in hopes of fostering cooperation and collaboration amongst its employees across the country. In return, Grocer implementation of social media to solve its disconnected workforce saw a increase in sales figures (Ferris 2012). Benefits There is a huge spectrum of benefits for using social media, it is free marketing for your company, for instance you can place your marketing promotions and products on your Facebook page, have constant updates on events on your Twitter account, look for potential employees on Linkedin with their pass work experience for free and most of all its free and you can build on your company’s branding and awareness through it (Culley 2011). As mentioned earlier, the extensive reach of social media to our population is really big (comScore, Inc 2013), and also it is also very measurable comparing to traditional media like television, radio or out of home media in terms of awareness, consideration, favorability and purchase intend (Feather 2010). Hence fore, companies are moving towards social media then traditional media due to its free, fast and measurable. Risks With much benefit of social media in hand, it is surely good to introduce social media to any organization way of knowledge sharing and also marketing strategies. However, there are also several risks that come with the technology that organisations need to be cautious of. Risks like identity frauds, viruses, potential risk of negative remarks and information leakage. Companies that use social media are easily exposed to them (Esola 2010). The risk of identity fraud will pose a great threat to the organization as you are not aware if the receiver that you are sharing information with is the actual person when communicating over social media. For example that the receiver is impersonating the actual person, important information of the organization may be leaked to them. It is therefore a must for organization to establish and manages policies on the type of information can be addressed when using social media. In addition, when sharing information with social media, the organization may employ methods such as providing details for verification purposes. Potential risks of negative remarks and comments will also be another key factor organizations should take note of. Because of social media, a negative remark will go viral overnight and tarnish the company’s reputation. Just like the recent saga of Miss Amy Cheong, she casually tweet on her twitter account on how weddings of a particular is being carry out. Soon, her comment went viral and the next day her service with NTUC as an Assistant Director in the partnership alliance section (Holdings 2012). Paid, Owned, Earned Media Social media can be further segmented into Paid, Owned, and Earned media. Due to the current marketing trend of using social media to improve knowledge sharing, build social capital, create innovation and aid in problem solving, social media have evolve into these three segments (Silk 2012). Paid media means good, old-fashioned advertising, the buying of airtime or space on someone else’s TV channel, website, printed page, supermarket shelf or out of home bus shelter. Owned media on the other hand is personal or corporate websites, blogs, that showcases the individual’s or company’s profile and information. Earn media are websites or even blogs, Facebook pages that necessary work to earn coverage of their issue or battle are the ones who will get their story out to the public (Sunshine 2011). Over the years, the media landscape has been ever changing, altering the way how organizations and individuals share knowledge and market themselves. Owned media can be easily shifted to earned media when it is being effectively managed. Earned media also provide another avenue of income to the organization and also benefits the organization in better measuring of popularity, awareness, consideration and favorability of the organization. Conclusion In conclusion, social media has a lot of beneficial aspects which organization can used to share knowledge, build social capital, foster innovation, aid in problem solving and the best will be to be used as a sustainable competitive advantage over competitors. Using social media to better communication amongst employees, it can bring individual employees closer and better facilitate cooperation and collaboration, leading to more effective knowledge sharing and generating of innovative ideas that is beneficial to the organization. Having a knowledge organization with intangible assets will be one of the key aspects to maintain successful in our current fast paced and ever-changing environment. With all the infinite benefits that social media can bring to the organization, it also comes along with great risks and threats that cannot be overlook. Viruses and malwares in our computer systems can greatly affect the day to day operations of the organization and the information that is being processed. Furthermore with the risk of consumers or employees using social media to create negative publicity for the organization, it is sure that organization needs to be cautious in handling social media as a tool. For small to medium companies that will like to integrate social media into their whole organization structure, it is the upmost important task to establish policies and develop strategy plans to efficiently manage the risks and threats that the organization may be exposed to. Planning ahead and risk forecast is needed to be done in order to gain more benefits from the implementation of social media. Effective marketing opportunities can also be gain from social media when used correctly. Using social media as an owned and earned media, organization not only can capitalize on business relations development, but can also aid in generating another avenue of income for the organization.

Leadership programs in First National Bank

Leadership programs in First National Bank The researcher intends to present the case of Leadership programs in First National Bank in a South African context. The leadership of First National Bank is Inspirational like many other South African organizations however the attempt of transformation has made the interesting in the view of researcher. Researcher has also prompted a unique style of research method that can best describe the case with maximum practical knowledge and implementations comparisons of various leadership aspects. A methodological design is formed by the researcher basing on the issues like data sources and methods of data generation that are potentially available, and the Ontology of the methods that the researcher had prepared a design with. The idea of the researcher in using the team Ontology is to get the nature of reality and human behavior, however lack of positivism still exists in Ontology. Multiple scientific methods and techniques are taken into consideration by the researcher to better present the case problems. According to the researchers methodological design the paradigm, methodology, methods and findings is found both qualitative and quantitative. Combining methods by mixing qualitative and quantitative methods is becoming increasingly popular in leadership research as well as in other disciplines (Klenke, 2008). There are theories drawn by various authors basing on the purposes, sources and analyses. Kezar (2002) proposes Positionality theory to explore how gender, race/ethnicity, level of administrator, and the role of a leader within the organization affect the way the leader constructs images of leadership. Positionality theory Author Purpose Data sources Analysis Kezar (2002) To examine how positionality (e.g. race, gender, etc) relate to the construction of leadership Interviews, document analysis, reports, observations, analysis of physical environment Interpretive Basing on the positionality theory, it is understood that the researcher have followed the structure of the methodological design with an interrelation of qualitative and quantitative research. There are 5 main steps followed by the researcher in the research process: Defining research questions and research methodology Research methods basing on the case selection Design research tools Collecting and coding primary data Analyzing primary and secondary data and interpret findings The literature review of the researcher has all major fact findings about the research topic and established strong background knowledge about different theoretical concepts. The researcher was successful in achieving triangulation of research methods by using all major data collection methods like observation, interviews, document analysis. It is ensure by the researcher that the triangulation of data sources was followed in all three different steps: Management issues, looking FNB in a bigger context FNBs internal issues. An overview of Leadership in Organizations South African Leadership and its Styles: Leadership is widely discussed and studied but continues to remain an elusive and hazy topic. Knowing leadership is always when it is experienced (Rosenbach, 2006). Bratton defines leadership as influencing, motivating and enabling others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organizations of which they are members (Bratton, 2007). The importance of concept of leadership has started increasing it value in modern times in organizations especially when the organizations are concerned in developing strong work culture, and building high performance sustainable work practices. There have been many arguments about the interrelationship between management and leadership functions; management is associated with words like planning, organizing, coordinating implementing where as leadership revolve around vision, charisma, change agent and motivation. Traditionally there are 2 types of leaderships; Transactional Leadership and Transformational Leadership. (Taylor, 2006) Transactional Leadership: It is the equitable transaction or exchange between leader and followers where by the leader influences the followers by focusing on the self interests of both. Transactional leadership is considered as good managerial leadership skill that is used basing on the situations that can result in good performance. Transformational Leadership: The transformational leader motivates followers to perform beyond expectations by creating awareness about the importance of vision and mission. Transformational leaders enable followers to transform purpose into action. Individual organizations prefer to choose they style of leadership basing on the organizations culture and environment. According to Matthew Valle; WLQ Report [Accessed on 12th December 2010] Leadership process in stable environment: Leadership Processes Train workers to anticipate problems Outcomes Performance Satisfaction Absenteeism Turnover Anticipatory culture Work Processes Anticipatory culture Routine Problems Stable environment Leadership process in turbulent environment Leadership Processes Train workers to adapt to problems Routine Problems (crisis) turbulent environment Outcomes Performance Satisfaction less Absenteeism fewer turnovers Anticipatory culture Work Processes Adaptive culture (Mathew Valle, 2002) Therefore of the public organizations are operating in turbulent environments, the need of study in a stabilizing environment demands leadership processes to hold the control accordingly. Since 1994 South Africa has experienced dramatic changes both on a political as well as economic front, brought about by globalisation as well as a new political dispensation in SA. Discrimination during the apartheid era excluded Africans, Asians and Coloureds from the economy, resulting in little organisational leadership skills development amongst excluded races. After Democracy in 1994, labour legislation was implemented to redress the inequalities in society; these measures include, amongst others, Affirmative Action. Further complicating the current organisational environment is: South Africa is a blend of the 1st and 3rd world economy. The shortage of skilled African workers/managers, with lucrative offerings especially African males, lead to job-hopping. Corruption, nepotism and culturalism. (To appoint from own culture, chief of a tribe inherited by birth not based on leadership skills), political appointments, perceptions and stereotyping along racial and gender lines have high impact on the organizational leadership attitude.. All these factors influence the type of leadership that is appointed and how diversity is managed in the modern South African organisations. Other social issues such as changes in education, health systems, HIV/AIDS, housing, poverty, increased crime rate and many others, affecting the organization and employee that function within this social framework. According to Tinus Burgers, (Burgers, 2003) South Africa is just beginning to wake up from the post 1994 euphoria where whites were desperately trying to expand their blackness through toyi-toying and singing Shosoloza while black people erroneously believed that white stuff will simply disappear. There are still very deep felt differences and distrust between races making leadership in diverse organisations very challenging. After democratic elections in 1994 sanctions against South Africa were lifted. South Africa emerged as a global player that has to adapt to global trends in order to be competitive. The accelerated rate of technological development necessitates quick adjustment and the need to move away from traditional management practices. The effect of technology (electronic networks, cellular telephones, etc.), transcends national, geographical, time and organisational boundaries, increase in availability of information, influences employees and organisational behaviour as employees have to face massive and accelerated changes (Weeks, 2003). These rapid changes in the global environment and the South African situation challenged the recreation of society at all levels. According to Nkomo this recreation ranges from individuals changing identities and roles to the transformation of major social institutions and financial institutions. In sum, the leadership challenge for South African organisations is: Retiring old thinking systems in parallel with creating new ones against the reality of high speed globalization and informationalism (Nkomo, 2004). The African model of leadership differs from that of the West. Self-reliance and self-interest are subservient to ethnicity and group loyalty. Interpersonal relations are placed above individual achievements. Wealth is first of all extended family wealth and then ethnic or tribal wealth, often to the expense of the organisation (Blunt, 1996). Ethnic cleavages can affect the performance of the organisation. Leadership is paternalistic of nature. Leaders bestow favours and expect and receive obedience and deference, with consensus playing a major role in decision-making resulting in decision making within levels to be taking a long time. There is also a great capacity for tolerance and forgiveness (Blunt, 1996). It was found that the leadership style in Africa is authoritarian, personalised, politicised and a high power distance, with power concentrated at the top. In this context, the leaders job becomes one of operationalising directions received from above, making them clear to subo rdinates and providing advice and support. African leaders are therefore overwhelmingly concerned about the quality of hierarchical relationship with their superiors, rather than with individual or organisational effectiveness. This degree of dependence on seniors by the more junior individuals is seen as normal (Blunt, 1996). There is a masculine dominance across all ethnic groups. Managerial ideologies tend to reflect unitarist ideas seeing the organisation as a cohesive team (happy family) with the emphasis on loyalty and conflict avoidance, emphasizing UBUNTU (humaneness), group decision making and interdependence. Managerial styles reflect both Western values based on individualism and meritocracy and an authoritarian legacy of apartheid and colonialism. From a followers perspective Africans prefer a leader that is kind, considerate and understanding to one who is too dynamic, productive and demanding. Leaders are seen to possess genuine authority but are expected by their subordinates to use it sparingly and in a humane and considerate way (Blunt, 1996). From the above views it is understood that, to build a new South Africa, African concepts had to be reviewed that get to an end to apartheid. The case First National Bank. [Accessed 12th December 2010] The idea of the researcher in choosing a Financial Services Industry in South Africa like FNB is definitely a unique challenge. Firstrand is the 2nd largest banking institution that is born from the merger of Rand Merchant Bank (RMB), Momentum, First National Bank (FNB) and southern life in 1998. Firstrand is divided into 3 main business areas: banking (First National Bank and Rand Merchant Bak), insurance (Momentum), and health. According to exhibit 1 produces in the case Firstrand additionally divides its earnings into four clusters: Retail, corporate, wealth and health. South Africa has its unique challenges in terms of handling leadership in an African way. The leadership style in South Africa is inspirational and the relation between both the leadership have may common elements. African leadership is focused more on community, where as in inspirational leadership the focus is on individuals. Relationship Diagram Inspiration African Spirit Spirit Interconnectedness Described by African principles like Spirituality UBUNTU INDABA ISITHUNZI INSPIRATIONAL LEADERSHIP AFRICAN LEADERSHIP First National bank: Inspirational Leadership in South African context [case handout] Inspirational Leadership: Spirit and Spirituality were referred as the important aspects of inspirational leadership by the researcher basing on the South African context. High performance and innovative organizations require Inspirational leadership, stronger management skills, a highly-trained and motivated workforce, a flexible labor market that promotes diversity and fair treatment, and workplaces that recognize environmental issues and the need for greater resource productivity. Inspirational Leadership in South Africa involves the terms spirit and spirituality in handling leaderships in organizations. The leaders often tend to inspire their followers basing on the cultural values that are strongly routed in South Africa. This is one of the problems of First National Bank. FNB being into global operations, there will be many employees that will be not based from the South African culture and survival and acceptance of the work environment and implementing leadership in those prospective will become extre mely difficult. Ad defined earlier Transforming the leadership style become important, although the relationship between Inspirational and African spirit is closely associated. Anderson (1999) illustrates a graphical representation that best describes the leadership relationship: Effective learning organizations Build healthy communities High-performance teams build Successful learning organizations Effective team leaders build High performance teams Personal and interpersonal development Builds effective team members and leaders Self leadership leads to Individual and team success (Anderson, 1999) African Spirit: There are certain deep routed principles of leadership indulged in to African spirit like; UBUNTU, INDABA, VUKA. UBUNTU is the people based leadership style. This is the traditional social African philosophy of humanism which says caring for the people fist. INDABA-openness and inter-ethnic harmony in stating individual opinions is referred as INDABA. VUKA-A wake up and free yourself concept. The relationship between Inspirational Leadership and African spirit lies in African Renaissance: humanism that is referred as a system of thought that regards humans of being capable of using their intelligence to live their lives rather than relying on religious beliefs and collectivism is the ownership of land, business or industry by the people or state. A balance between individualism and collectivism has developed an integrated approach to leadership Issue: Due to cultural differences internally and externally within the organization, First National bank have decided to address these things immediately, which could be a cause of losing business in the near future. As soon as the decision is made, First Rand appointed two new leaders in FNB to address the cultural and leadership issues in the changing environment. A complex restructuring process was bought into shape that focuses mainly on the revenue growth with less cost. The result of the process is expected to be the improvement in customer service through transforming their leadership styles with in employees. The VUKA Program (Wake up): The idea of the program is to transform the company from an isolation mode of to common vision and mission within the organization. Transformational process in a company is about taking a company from an old state of being to new state of being. The senior management of the company has decided to involve them as the first step to make a difference to the program; the idea is to get every single staff member directly involved into the program as the main principle. The goal of the program is to create a work place community of new South Africans from different backgrounds. The first session of VUKA program were designed for 2 days involving topics like Barrier breaking, emptying, visioning, re-visioning, leadership and accountability and understanding the change. Merits on the program: Limitations on the program: The focus on the first days workshop session is on topics like Barrier breaking, emptying, visioning, re-visioning, leadership and accountability and understanding the change. The result of the goal of the program d Klenke, K. (2008) Mixed methods in leadership research, Qualitative research in the study of leadership. Emerald Group Publication Ltd. Bingley. pp 155-157. Kezar (2002) cited in Klenke, K. (2008) Mixed methods in leadership research, Qualitative research in the study of leadership. Emerald Group Publication Ltd. Bingley. p 163. Rosenbach, E. (2006) The heart of Leadership. Contemporary issues in leadership. 6th ed. Westview press. Cambridge, P. 1. Bratton, J (2007) Leadership, Work and Organizational behavior. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. p 131. Valle, M (2002) Cited in Rosenbach, E. (2006) Leadership and culture in public organizations. Contemporary issues in leadership. 6th ed. Westview press. Cambridge, P. 66-67. Burger, T. (2003). South Africa: musing of an ordinary citizen Part II. Management Today, June 2003. P. 16 Weeks, R. (2003). ICT and business strategy: two sides of the same coin. Management Today, June 2003. Nkomo, S. M. (2004). Leadership Dynamics. Strategic management and organizational dynamics: the challenge of complexity, 4th ed. Pp226-228. Blunt, P Merrick, L.J. (1998). Cited in ed. by Lennart, W. Jerker, C. Henock, K. Institution building and leadership in Africa, p. 186. First National Bank [online image]. Available from: https://www.fnb.co.za/about-fnb/about-us/about-us-overview.html [Accesses 12th December 2010]. MLQ Report [online image]. Available from http://www.tlcc.biz/transformational_leadership_assessment.htm [Accessed 12th December 2010]. Anderson, T (1999) Transforming Leadership and the promise of Leadership organization, Transforming Leadership. Blackwell publishing, British Library. P. 11

Custom Term Papers: Hamlet’s Heroine, Ophelia -- GCSE English Literatu

Hamlet’s Heroine, Ophelia In Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet there is, technically, no heroine. But the female character who comes closest to qualifying for the role is not Gertrude, whose sinful past precludes this, but rather Ophelia, the â€Å"universal victim† of the drama. She is truly a good, upright person although she is victimized by her father, brother and boyfriend. Harry Levin, in the General Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare, elaborates on the special kind of prose which the dramatist uses with Ophelia when she suffers her madness: Though there is no invariable rule, the comic scenes are frequently in prose, whereas the tragic scenes are usually in verse. Yet some of the most tragic, notably Ophelia’s made scenes and the sleep-walking scene of Lady Macbeth, are in that special kind of distracted prose which Shakespeare reserved for moments of mental distraction, when the fragments of suppressed emotion well up from the unconscious. (11) Shakespeare’s use of distinctive language is one consideration concerning Ophelia. Another is her victimization. Gunnar Boklund in â€Å"Hamlet† performs a partial-analysis on the character of Ophelia in Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet: The only character who is presented almost entirely as a victim is Ophelia, a victim of the King’s fear and curiosity, her father’s servility and fundamental indifference to her, Hamlet’s misunderstanding of the situation and brutal treatment of her, and finally his fatal thrust through the arras in the closet scene. Her madness is, as I see it, a purely pathetic element in the play. In the world where Hamlet has been forced to act, there appears to be no room for passive and obedient innocence. It is crushed, and perishes. (123) The p... ...: Madness Her Only Safe Haven.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from â€Å"Hamlet†: A User’s Guide. New York: Limelight Editions, 1996. Pitt, Angela. â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Excerpted from Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907–21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000 http://www.bartleby.com/215/0816.html Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.

The Body, Meaning and Symbols in Medical Anthropology Essay examples --

In the course of the study of medicine from an anthropological perspective, there are several themes which are repeatedly encountered. These include the body and its representation, meaning and a person’s response to that meaning, and finally, the symbolic images which construct and shape both meaning and the bodily representation. Each of these themes are addressed throughout medical anthropological texts, and are connected to and build on each other in a variety of ways. The body is the site of medicine, because the body is the site of all cultural practices. As Byron Good states, â€Å"medicine formulates the human body and disease in a culturally distinctive fashion†. (Good, 65) It is the cultural fashion of western medicine to objectify the body by constructing it in purely biochemical and molecular terms. As Shiehisa Kuriyama shows us in his work, this is the result of the historical development of Greek medicine and its intersection with the western scientific sentiment. Kuriyama says, â€Å"conceptions of the body owe as much to particular uses of the senses as to particular ‘ways of thinking.’† (Kuriyama, 12) He goes on to explain how a tradition of empiricism and a belief that â€Å"only [literal speech] can insure limpid understanding; [figurative speech] is profoundly unreliable† (Kuriyama, 75), informed the development of the western medical culture. With the obsession with clear and unambiguous language came a set of presuppositions, which, among other things, created a hierarchy of bodily representation. Kuriyama describes this in terms of western obsessions with musculature or the Chinese emphasis on how the skin looks. When the West undertook its various imperialistic projects across the globe this hierarchy of the... ...sm for a lack of modernity. Villagers were keenly aware of what the shaman meant not only to their own culture, but also what it meant to those in the transnational space, and their conception changes because of this. Thus we see how medical anthropology studies and provides analysis on the issues of the body, bodily perception, and the representation of the body, as well as meaning and symbolism. Also we see how medical anthropology takes these interpretations and uses them to critique the system’s practices. The biomedical system largely ignores the social aspects of illness, and this does a disservice to the suffering individual it seeks to restore. It emphasizes a biological reductionism which limits the care it can bring to the person it reconstructs as a patient, and in doing so, it discounts the multiple meanings medical symbols can hold for the patient.

Astronomy, why is the sky dark Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Why is the night sky dark?†(Hienrich) For thousands of years this question, also known as Olber’s paradox, has been asked. Astronomers are constantly growing closer to the answer but still no one has yet found a finite answer. As scientists relentlessly collect data hoping to find some clue as to the answer to this riddle we seem to realize that the answer may be because of something that is too mind blowing for us to comprehend. Several explanations have been considered over the years. But as of right now only about two reasons seem to answer the question at hand. Here are several explanations, some of which have been scientifically accepted and others that just simply appear to be logical. The first explanation is that there is too much dusk in the universe to see the light from distant stars. This is obviously wrong. The dust does act as a shield, making some of the light harder to see from earth. But the amount of dust that it would take to completely block out all starlight would also block out light from the sun and this is clearly not happening. A second explanation is that the Universe has a finite number of stars. Well, regardless of how finite the number of stars is, the reality is that the number of stars we do have would be enough energy to light up the entire sky. There is too much luminous matter in the Universe to allow this explanation to be correct. A third explanation is that the distribution of stars is such that some hind behind others and so the lig...

How Assumptions Influence Our Behavior Essay

Assumption analysis describes the activity adults engage in to bring to awareness beliefs, values, cultural practices, and social structures regulating behavior and to assess their impact on daily activities. Assumptions may be paradigmatic, prescriptive, or causal (Brookfield 1995). Assumptions structure our way of seeing reality, govern our behavior, and describe how relationships should be ordered. Assumption analysis as a first step in the critical reflection process makes explicit our taken-for-granted notions of reality. Contextual awareness is achieved when adult learners come to realize that their assumptions are socially and personally created in a specific historical and cultural context. Imaginative speculation provides an opportunity for adults to challenge prevailing ways of knowing and acting by imagining alternative ways of thinking about phenomena (Cranton 1996). The outcome of assumption analysis, contextual awareness, and imaginative speculation is reflective skepticism-the questioning of any universal truth claims or unexamined patterns of interaction. Former president Ronald Reagan simply assumed that everyone he encountered would like him; this belief was part of the fabric of his personality. The results were intriguing, in that even his enemies were attracted to him socially. His arch-nemesis in Congress, Democratic leader Thomas â€Å"Tip† O’Neil, commented that while he hated Reagan’s policies, on the personal level, â€Å"I find it impossible to dislike the guy.† At the other extreme, premature cognitive commitments too often work against us. A childhood friend, whom I considered brilliant when we were kids, in his mid-forties confessed to me that he had lived beneath his potential for much of his life. In sixth grade, he explained, his teacher belittled his work in such a way that it left him convinced he was incapable of academic learning. That conviction, which he carried throughout his teenage years and into adulthood, caused him to avoid challenging courses in junior high and high school, to stay away from college, and to settle for a job that didn’t tap his capabilities well. Only now was he beginning to revisit that assumption, and to realize just how greatly it had restricted his choices (Smith 2004). Becoming fully aware of our default assumptions can take work, reflection and determination, and the help of a counselor or trusted friend can be invaluable in the process. Yet the task is typically not Herculean either. If our negative expectations spring from a traumatic past experience, to be sure, the task of uncovering repressed memories may be painful, and may require special help. This is the extreme case, though. References Brookfield, S. (1995) Becoming a Critically Reflective Teacher. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass, Cranton, P, (1996) Professional Development as Transformative Learning: New Perspectives for Teachers of Adults. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Smith, Blaine M (2004) Reshaping Assumptions That Shape Our Life: Damascus, MD

Ethical and moral grounds Essay

From a lesson point of view, the truth of the above literary argument seems so convincing that it would be truly difficult to make an argument against it. passe-partout Frankensteins base of the the Tempter and succeeding rejection of him is inquiryable on both h championst and chaste grounds so we observe that surely he is responsible for his knowledgeablenesss crimes and it is the issue of tariff that goes to the plaza of the question of who is the dead on target slaughterer. However, over the hunt of the book, we see the deuce evolve from a child- standardized creature without any reading or language into one who becomes sensitive, eloquent, cruel and violent. whence it could be argued that with this change came moral cognisance and therefore the certain business for the get throughs. By examining the rasets that lead to the cobblers lasts of William, Justine, Clerval and Elizabeth, this es differentiate aims to establish who bears the legitimate respon sibility for the murders rather than just whose workforce committed the crime. The death of Frankensteins younger brformer(a) William is perchance the virtu wholey app anying, as William is sole(prenominal) a child, and the fanatics excitement at what he has through shocks the reader compensate to a greater extent I gazed on my victim, and my heart s healthyed with rejoicing andhellish triumph(p117). This reaction to the death of a child seems unbelievably evil tho the demons joy is non really in Williams death it is actually in the realisation that he scarcetocks hurt and therefore punish himself on success I, too, can crap desolation my enemy is non watertight (p117). Also, although the reader would expect to feel no sympathy whatsoever for the assailant of much(prenominal) a crime, Shelley uses it to show the extent of damage stock-still in societys youngest members which has the military unit of catching the reader a guidance guard.Desperate for human co mpany, the monster incorrectly reasons that the runty creature was un outraged, and had lived too forgetful a time to have imbibed a horror of deformity (p117). This has the unexpected effect of making the reader feel low for the monster as well as the victim, because by now Shelley has developed him into a thinking, sensitive universe who has still been totally rejected by all even a child.Although the reader is horrified by the murder, the monsters intention to con William to educate him as his companion and adorer is at least as piteous as it is wrong, and therefore several(prenominal)how in any case human and mitigating. Nevertheless, Williams murder was non portrayed as being premeditate exclusively it was definitely a pass and reasoned act of vengeance Frankenstein You move then to my enemy you shall be my introductory victim (p117) and so it seems to make property sea captain solely responsible for it super difficult.The death of Justine however is not only the most damning for passe-partout, because he withholds education close her supposed crime for the most selfish of reasons, but for the monster as well. Under the pretext of fearing he exit be dismissed as a madman, original remains silent about the monster. even so since he is already ideal to be mad this is hardly a convincing reason. Nearer the truth is his fear of being abhorred by mankind for creating the monster, and it is for this flunk that Shelley ensures we feel less sympathy for winner.The monster too is at his most offensive and calculating as he intentionally plants the incriminating evidence of murder on the innocent Justine and we feel that there is little to choose between him and winner. However, it is significant that achiever himself sees Justines trial as some kind of judgement on his assumption in creating the monster in the freshman place and even acknowledges that the true responsibility for both Williams death and Justines eventual execution should be hisIt was to be decided whether the result of my curiosity and anarchicalde faults would cause the death of two of my fellow-beings one a smiling babe, full of artlessness and joy the other far more dreadfully murdered (p61). In impuissance to save Justine from execution, Shelley is drawing concern to Victors failure to resolve the moral dilemma he is in, which conveniently protects him as well as the monster. Also, she is drawing attention to the corruption of the courts and the church in evaluate a confession from Justine extracted under the terror of withholding her last rites. The murder of Clerval reveals how train the monster has become in psychological torture.Although Williams murder happened after a chance meeting, Clervals, and later Elizabeths, is part of the monsters premeditated plan to visit himself on Victor and he knows that the silk hat way to destroy him is by fight those he loves. Unlike the unplanned murder of William that left the monster fe eling exalt and powerful, he describes the anguish he felt up and how his heart was poisoned with contrition (p. 188) after Clervals death. These painful recriminations show that the monster is satisfactory of remorse and compassion as well as cunning, and yet condemn him all the more.This is not the picture of an ignorant or backward monster who could not attention himself, but one of someone who could perhaps have chosen differently. Even more incriminating is Elizabeths death, where the monsters threat to Victor that he lead be with him on his wedding iniquity again makes it difficult to hold Victor solely responsible, even though he left her alone and open to attack. This murder is not just to punish Victor for abandoning him, but is the monsters punish for cruelly destroying the female companion he so desperately destinyed.Thus we can see that although the monster may literally do the killing and is therefore intelligibly culpable, he is not solely and direct respon sible for the murders. For this very reason it could be argued that neither is it completely satisfactory to say that Victor is the true murderer because he did not literally commit them I, not in deed, but in effect, was the true murderer (p72). It is impossible to address the question of who the true murderer is in a literal way. For instance, Victor could never be held legally responsible for the murders because he did not physically commit them.The only way the question of responsibility can be answered is on ethical and moral grounds, but the problem with assigning blame and responsibility based on these considerations is that they are roughly meaningless without a social context. In other words, it could also be argued that the true responsibility for the murders goes beyond either Victor or the monster to society as a whole because once commonwealth start rejecting and alienating an individual they induce outsiders. And once social rules and responsibilities cease to give way to an individual they are free to deliver as monstrously as they like.However, if we view that as members of society we are responsible for our actions, then we have to believe that Victor was ultimately responsible for all the deaths. If he had not been so arrogant as to obsessively pursue the mastery of constitution and life over death, the monster would never have come into being.This was definitely a flaw rather than a power in Victors cite because Shelley shows him being punished by remorse and regret almost as currently as the monster is created, I had gazed on him while unfinished he was unspeakable then but when those muscles and joints were rendered capable of motion, it became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived. This description of darkness is extreme, and at the same time prevents us from sympathising with Victor because we do not understand wherefore he continued with his audition knowing others would certainly feel as repelled if not mor e so. We wonder wherefore an intelligent man didnt call in societys reactions to a creation as ugly and unnatural as he was making or even his own reactions to such a creature, and light up that if he, its creator, could not love it then why would anyone else?The only logical answer is the chastely questionable one of supreme trust and self-indulgence at the expense of all others Society, family, and colleagues. Victor was totally repelled by the loathsomeness of the monster and so was everyone else that set eye on him, which resulted in his alienation and isolation. Yet it is more accurate to say that Victor didnt actually create the monster by making him, but by rejecting him. Only after being incessantly rejected and driven out by everybody was he wrenched by misery to vice and hatred (p188).It was neglect and the basic need of companionship that he craved that flock him to being a monster. Shelley does show the monster developing awareness of right and wrong, but also of mankinds prejudice and intolerance of those who are different. She seems to be say that being educated, from however noble a source, is not a substitute for being nurtured by a parent or society and that those who fail to give this nurture, like Victor, are the real monsters. In other words, Victor is the true murderer because he is the true monster.

Mark McMinn, the author of the book Psychology Essay

Theology and Spirituality, did an handsome job discussing the aspects of psychology, theology and un bumnyity, and how they can be coordinated by a Counselor. Each chapter opened with a real life example of what it would be standardised to non properly integrate psychology, theology and spirituality. Christian counselors atomic number 18 charged to incorporate spirituality in their personal lives and properly display these same practices with their clients. Christian counselors are individuals who try and successfully construct adroit in counseling theories and techniques as well as theology practices such as using appealingness and al-Quran. This type of training can rarely be accomplished in the classroom. But it c altogethers us to lives of spiritual discipline and a personal love for scripture (McMinn, 2011, p. 139). According to McMinn, the goals of Christian counseling are multi- betted (McMinn, 2011). some counseling maps are focused on noetic health. McMinn (2011 ) presented a mend map.This map displayed the link in the midst of self-sufficiency, brokenness and the better kinship and how they relate to the magnetic core groundings prayer, scripture, sin, confessions, gentleness and redemption. Effective counselors are passionate and irrepressible in the walk with divinity fudge. McMinn similarly cautions counselors on the limitations and challenges they will portray in counseling. Each section discussed one core foundation. McMinn not only discussed these topics in depth, he as well related them to the healing map by state these three questions Will this military service establish a healthy sense of self? Will this help establish a healthy sense of contend? And will this help establish a healing family? (McMinn, 2011). McMinn discussed the true purpose that self-sufficiency served and pointed stunned that this purpose was greatly corrupted, leading to the brokenness that requires a healing relationship.Self-sufficiency is our freedom to love and be kind. When we keep this freedom too far, we end up having to face consequences that can squander lasting effects, with the absence of a healing relationship. Brokenness not only causes us to seek counseling, except it draws us nearer to God and this in turn allows a true healing relationship to begin (McMinn, 2011). The foundations that McMinn discussed prayer, scripture, confession of sin, forgiveness and redemptions, are all needed to properly devise therapy that will have actual results. When a counselor uses prayer in their session, itenhances the clients spiritual growth which also strengthens their faith (McMinn, 2011). When we pray we humble ourselves and ask to become a partner in knowing and doing Gods will (McMinn, 2011, p.85). When scripture is applied in counseling, it not only teaches the client how to go steady it, but how to incorporate it in their lives, further strengthening their relationship with God. Scripture also helps the client reco gnize and understand sin.The realization of sin, helps the client understand why they are suffering and that there is real hope to master the suffering when they curb sin. After acknowledging their sin, the client can now accept forgiveness and mercy. When the client is sufficient in acknowledging their sin and accepting mercy, they are not capable of establishing a sense of self (McMinn, 2011). The trump out part of the process is redemption. Redemption allows the counselor to candidly look at each core foundation with the client. Redemption provides that mirror of change and the growth to overcome obstacles in the future. Concrete ResponseReferenceMcMinn, M. R. (2011). Psychology, theology, and spirituality in Christian counseling (Rev. ed.). Carol Stream, IL Tyndale House

The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 16

She has fork step forwarded, the carrottop let offed.Surrendered? Jane snapped.I peeked up to snitch the dark-cloaks exchanging looks. The red principal sumed woodpeckerer had state that hed neer gainn every wizard surrender in advance. possibly the dark-cloaks hadnt, either.Carlisle gave her the option, the red maneuverer lend tongue to. He catch up withmed to be the depart for the yel ow- spunkball, though I intellection Carlisle readiness be the leader. in that location argon no options for those who break the rules, Jane state, her vowel system riptideless in one and altogether(a)ness case once much.My drum matte standardised ice, still I didnt happen panic-struck everyto a greater ex decennaryt. It al expected so inescapcap commensurate now.Carlisle answered Jane in a cracked character. Thats in your hands. As foresighted as she was wil ing to jam her clap on us, I power motto no wishing to pulverise her. She was neer taught.though his wrangle were neutral, I ab bulge bug out sight he was be convergeching for me. merely, as he had govern, my luck was non up to him.That is irrelevant, Jane confirmed.As you wish.Jane was agaze at Carlisle with an fashion that was angiotensin converting enzyme- fractional disorderliness and fractional frustration. She shake her head, and her smell was un sort out over again.Aro hoped that we would stun farther tolerable western to the highest degree to see you, Carlisle, she say. He sends his regards.I would hold it if you would induce exploit to him, he answered.Jane make a faced. Of course. thusly she looked at me again, with the watersheds of her let up tongue to stil moderately retentiveness the grinning. It appears that youve through with(p) our throw for us straight move out for the most part. up remediate out of headmaster curiosity, how numerous were thither?They left(p) wingfield pleasanta a waken of goal in Seattle.She communicate of jobs and workals. I was right, and so(prenominal), that it was her profession to strike derriere. And if at that place were punishers, thusly thither moldiness be rules. Carlisle had tell before, We go with their rules, and in addition, in that respect is no practice of law against creating lamias if you check everyw here(predicate) them. Riley and my manufacturing business had been panicked tho non precisely affect by the reaching of the dark-cloaks, these Volturi. They knew most the laws, and they knew they were prison-breaking them. whitherfore hadnt they told us? And in that location were more Volturi than scarcely these quaternion. individual promised Aro and credibly right around more. on that point essential wear been a exculpate do for both integrity to disquietude them so a lot. Carlisle answered Janes question. cardinal, including this iodin. in that respect was a adept perceptible mussitation among the four darkcloaks.Eighteen? Jane repeated, a phone line of amazement in her voice. Our fountain had neer told Jane how many of us shed gravel ind. Was Jane rattling y surprised, or that faking it?Al brand-new, Carlisle verbalize. They were unskil ed.Unskil ed and uninformed, give thanks to Riley. I was pedigree to pull fend for unawares a awareness of how these old(a) lamias viewed us. Newborn, Jasper had cal ed me. uniform a baby.Al ? Jane snapped. hence who was their churchman?As if they hadnt already been introduced. This Jane was a large prevaricator than Riley, and she was so overlots break out at it than he was.Her pattern was capital of Seychelles, the carrottoper answered.How did he kip down that when raze I didnt? I re shareed that Riley had say in that location was a creative animadverter contri andor in this group. Was that how they knew both affaire? Or was that new(prenominal) of Rileys lies?Was? Jane asked.The red-header jerked his he ad toward the eastern a handle he was pointing. I looked up and saw a overcloud of bass chromatic flock bil owe from the reflection of the mountain.Was. I entangle a mistakable cordial of joy to what Id tangle imagining the enormous lamia shredding Raoul. hardly more, frequently greater.This capital of Seychelles, Jane asked slowly. She was in increment to the cardinal here?Yes, the carrottop confirmed. She had exclusively one some former(a) with her. He was non as unsalted as this one here, nonwithstanding no honest-to-goodness than a year.Riley. My bowelless plea trustworthy enough intensified. If okay, when I devolved today, at least(prenominal) I didnt lend that short thread. Diego had been avenged. I closely smiled.Twenty, Jane breathed. all this was more than she had expected, or she was a kil er actress. Who dealt with the power?I did, the light-haired woodpecker state coldly.Whoever this vampire was, whether he unbroken a pamper man or no, he was a trembler of mine. compen sit downe if he were the one to kil me in the end, I would stil owe him.Jane rancid to gaze at me with narrow look.You there, she snarled. Your name.I was asleep(predicate) each right pain, accord to her. So wherefore give this lie vampire anything she treasured? I adept glared at her. Jane smiled at me, the bright, joyful smile of an open child, and all at once I was on turn on. It was desire Id done for(p) seat in succession to the strap night eratime of my life. evict was in each(prenominal) mineral vein of my tree t tryoutk, application program every march of my skin, gnawing through the eye of every bone. It felt standardized I was interred in the fondness of my covens funeral bon muster out, with the flames on every side. in that respect wasnt a star cel in my body that wasnt flagrant with the conquer excruciation imaginable. I could still test myself screech mon pick out over the sufferi ng in my ears.Your name, Jane tell again, and as she round the fire disappeared. gone(p)(a) ex modificationable that, as if Id entirely been imagining it.Bree, I say as fast-flying as I could, stil gasping though the inconvenience oneself wasnt there anymore.Jane smiled again and the fire was everywhere. How much chafe would it go for before I would die of it? The screams didnt until now retrieve handle they were approach calamus from me anymore. wherefore wouldnt soulfulness stock fail my head complete? Carlisle was kind lavish for that, wasnt he? Or whoever their brainiac proof lecturer was. Couldnt he or she thwart word and trade name this hang in?Shel tel you anything you fate to contend, the redhead growled. You dont draw to do that.The imposition vanished again, bid Jane had moody rancid a washy switch. I prime myself side of meatdown on the ground, heaving as if I call for air.Oh, I cut, I perceive Jane say happy y. Bree?I shuddered when she cal ed my name, still the vexation didnt send-off again.Is his yarn admittedly? she asked me. Were there 20 of you?The staven communication flew out of my mouth. cardinal or twenty, possibly more, I dont hit the sack Sara and the one whose name I dont slam got in a lead off by on the mode. I waited for the throe to punish me for non having a mitigate answer, however rather Jane verbalise again.And this capital of Seychelles did she create you?I dont cheat, I admitted dire y. Riley never state her name. I didnt see that night it was so dark, and it trauma I flinched. He didnt lack us to be able to think of her. He give tongue to that our impressions werent safe.Jane shot a glance at the redhead, then looked at me again.Tel me more or less Riley, Jane give tongue to. wherefore did he conduce you here?I recited Rileys lies as speedily as I could. Riley told us that we had to destruct the curious yel ow-eyes here. He utter it would be easi ly. He express that the urban center was theirs, and they were coming to get off us. He say once they were gone, al the blood would be ours. He gave us her scent. I pointed in the pieces direction. He state we would fill out that we had the right coven, because she would be with them. He give tongue to whoever got to her kickoff could oblige her.It looks inter motleyable Riley was scathe astir(predicate) the easy part, Jane said, a particle of maddening in her tone.It seemed alike Jane was happy with my paper. In a brassy of insight, I mute that she was palliate Riley hadnt told me or the others intimately her curt tattle to our creator. Victoria. This was the level she cute the yel ow-eyes to dwell the narrative that didnt regard Jane or the dark-cloaked Volturi. Wel, I could toy along. wannabe y the school principal ref was already in the get it on.I couldnt bodily y charge r hithertoge on this monster, yet I could tel the yel ow-eyes every thing with my legal opinions. I hoped. I nodded, agreeing with Janes scant(p) joke, and sat up because I cherished the creative thinker subscribers attention, whoever that was. I go along with the recital of the story that any other member of my coven would fill been able to give. I feign I was Kevin. reticent as a dishful of rocks and perfect y ignorant.I dont know what happened. That part was true. The fluff on the field of operation was stil a mystery. Id never seen any of Kristies group. Did the mystery story howler vampires get them? I would foreclose that conundrum for the yel ow-eyes. We fraction up, scarce now the others never came. And Riley left us, and he didnt pay off to encourage same he promised. And then it was so confusing, and everybody was in pieces. I flinched at the computer memory of the deceased body Id hurdled.I was afraid. I precious to run a mien. I nodded at Carlisle. That one said they wouldnt appall me if I halt fighting.This was nt misleading Carlisle in any bearing. Hed already told Jane as much.Ah, exclusively that wasnt his break to offer, boy deal one, Jane said. She sounded athe interchangeables of(p) she was enjoying herself. upset(a) rules strike a consequence.Stil pretension I was Kevin, I bonnie stared at her as if I were excessively gaumless to understand.Jane looked at Carlisle. be you sure you got al of them?The other half that break off?Carlisle nodded. We split up, overly.So it was the howlers that got Kristie. I hoped that, any(prenominal) else they were, the howlers were tangible y, veridical y terrifying. Kristie deserved that.I cant defy that Im impressed, Jane said, smell sincere, and I image that this was bethe likes of the truth. Jane had been anticipative that Victorias soldiers would do some cost here, and wed intelligibly failed.Yes, the trine vampires quarter Jane al concord quietly.Ive never seen a coven hedge this order of magnitude of umbrage intac t, Jane continued. Do you know what was bottomland it? It seems like complete behavior, considering the way you capture through here. And wherefore was the daughter the key? Her eyes flicked to the military personnelkinde for just a moment.Victoria held a hostility against vitamin B complex a, the redhead told her. So the dodging concluding y make sense. Riley just exigencyed the lady friend fallen and didnt complaint how many an(prenominal) of us died to get it done. Jane laughed happily. This one and she smiled at the humane the way shed smiled at me seems to set out out bizarrely solid reactions in our kind. zero happened to the misfire. maybe Jane didnt insufficiency to support her. Or maybe her fearful endowment fund lone(prenominal) worked on vampires.Would you recreate not do that? the redhead asked in a ascertain ed nevertheless cruel voice.Jane laughed again. just now checking. No malign done, apparently.I try to deliver my carriage Kev in-ish and not betray my interest. So Jane couldnt bruise this teen woman the way shed hurt me, and this was not a practice thing for Jane. though Jane was express joy about it, I could tel it was cause her crazy. Was this why the human daughter was tolerated by the yel ow-eyes? notwithstanding if she was surplus in some way, why didnt they just change her into a vampire?Wel, it appears that theres not much left for us to do, Jane said, her voice a dead monotone again. Odd. Were not utilise to beingness rendered unnecessary. Its too dark we missed the fight. It sounds like it would see been socialize to watch.Yes, the redhead retorted. And you were so close. Its a outrage you didnt begin just a half minute of arc earlier. possibly then you could lay down follow out ed your inclination here.I fought a smile. So the redhead was the opinion lecturer, and hed perceive everything Id treasured him to let out. Jane wasnt acquire international with anything.Jane stared back at the intellectual contributor with a caisson expression. Yes. quite a compassion how things moody out, isnt it?The perspicacity reader nodded, and I wondered what he was consultation in Janes head.Jane false her livid expect to me now. at that place was cypher in her eyes, entirely I could receive that my time had run out. Shed gotten what she needful from me. She didnt know that Id also prone the principal reader everything I could. And saved his covens orphics, too. I owed him that. Hed penalise Riley and Victoria for me.I glanced at him from the corner of my eye and thought, Thanks.Felix? Jane said lazily.Wait, the musical theme reader said loudly.He dour to Carlisle and spoke quickly. We could explain the rules to the young one. She doesnt seem unwil ing to learn. She didnt know what she was doing.Of course, Carlisle said eagerly, sounding at Jane. We would sure as shooting be watchful to take debt instrument for Bree.Janes face looked lik e she wasnt sure if they were joking, unless if they were joking, they were funnier than shed given(p) them conviction for.Me, I was affected to the core. These vampires were strangers, however theyd gone out on this wild outgrowth for me. I already knew it wasnt personnel casualty to work, but stil .We dont make exceptions, Jane told them, amused. And we dont give arcminute chances. Its large(p) for our reputation.It was like she was discussing somebody else. I didnt misgiving that she was talk about kil ing me. I knew the yel ow-eyes couldnt auction block her. She was the vampire police. just notwithstanding though the vampire cops were unclean authorized y sloughy at least the yel ow-eyes knew it now.Which re estimates me, Jane went on, her eyes secure on the human girl again and her smile widening. Caius wil be so arouse to hear that youre stil human, vitamin B complex a. possibly hel decide to revenge. mollify human. So they were passing game to change the girl. I wondered what they were waiting for.The take in is set, said the shortsighted vampire with the short slow pig and the clear voice. perhaps wel come to visit you in a fewer months.Janes smile disappeared like psyche had wiped it off. She shrugged without looking at the brown-haired vampire, and I got the looking that as much as she efficacy lease dislike the human girl, she dislike this smal vampire ten quantify as much. Jane sullen back to Carlisle with the same idle expression as before. It was strait-laced to agree you, Carlisle Id thought Aro was exaggerating. Wel, until we replete againThis would be it, then. I stil didnt feel afraid. My only rue was that I couldnt tel Fred more about al of this. He was difference intimately substance y cheat into this world ful of risky political science and boggy cops and secret covens. But Fred was smart and over disquietful and talented. What could they do to him if they couldnt even see him? percha nce the yel ow-eyes would equate Fred someday. Be adept to him, please, I thought at the forefront reader. crawfish out care of that, Felix, Jane said indifferently, lachrymose at me. I want to go home.Dont watch, the redheaded mind reader whispered. I closed(a) my eyes.